Geelong TMJ therapist & Chiropractor discusses TMJ noises
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex and frequently used joints in the human body, connecting your jawbone (mandible) to your skull (temporal bone). This joint plays a critical role in day-to-day activities such as chewing, speaking, and even breathing. However, for many people, the TMJ can produce clicking or popping sounds, which may cause concern or discomfort. Understanding why these sounds occur can help in identifying potential issues and determining when to seek professional care.
In the article, Geelong TMJ therapist & chiropractor, Dr Luka, discusses the anatomy of the TMJ, the causes of specific noises and when to seek appropriate help.
Anatomy of the TMJ
To grasp why the TMJ might produce these sounds, it’s important to understand its structure and function. The TMJ is a hinge joint, but it also allows for sliding motions. It comprises:
Mandibular Condyle: The rounded end of the jawbone.
Articular Disc: A small, cushion-like piece of cartilage that sits between the condyle and the temporal bone, allowing smooth movement.
Temporal Bone: The part of the skull that forms the upper part of the joint.
Ligaments and Muscles: These help stabilise the joint and allow movement to occur.
Why Does the TMJ Click or Pop?
Clicking or popping sounds in the TMJ can be caused by various factors. Here are some common reasons:
1. A Reducing Disc Displacement
One of the most common causes of clicking or popping in the TMJ is disc displacement. Normally, the articular disc moves smoothly with the condyle as you open and close your mouth. However, if the disc is out of alignment, it may snap back into place as the jaw moves, creating a clicking or popping sound. This is often referred to as “disc displacement with reduction.”
2. Ligament or Muscle Issues
The ligaments and muscles surrounding the TMJ play a key role in its function. If these structures are strained or overworked, they can pull on the joint in abnormal ways, leading to clicking or popping. This might occur due to:
-Overuse or strain: Activities like excessive chewing, nail-biting, or clenching and grinding of teeth (bruxism) can strain the TMJ.
-Muscle tightness: Tight or spastic muscles, particularly the lateral pterygoid muscle, can alter the normal function of the disc and joint.
-Injury: Trauma to the jaw, head, or neck can also disrupt the normal function of the TMJ.
3. Joint Hypermobility
In some individuals, the TMJ may be hypermobile, meaning it moves more than it should. This excessive movement can cause the condyle to slip out of its normal position, leading to a popping sound as it returns to its place. Joint hypermobility can be a result of:
-Genetic factors: Some people naturally have more flexible or “looser” joints.
-Hormonal changes: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can affect the laxity of ligaments, which may contribute to hypermobility.
4. Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, can affect the TMJ just like any other joint in the body. As the cartilage in the joint wears down over time, the bones may start to rub against each other, leading to grinding or popping sounds. Osteoarthritis in the TMJ can be associated with aging or a history of joint injury.
When to Seek Help
While clicking or popping in the TMJ is common and often harmless, persistent or painful sounds may indicate an underlying issue that requires attention. Here are some signs that you should consult a TMJ therapist:
-Pain or discomfort in the jaw, face, or ear.
-Limited jaw movement or difficulty opening and closing the mouth.
-Locking of the jaw in an open or closed position.
-Swelling or tenderness around the joint.
-Changes in bite alignment or difficulty chewing.
In summary:
Clicking or popping sounds in the TMJ can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from disc displacement to joint hypermobility or osteoarthritis. While these sounds are often harmless, persistent or painful symptoms should not be ignored. Understanding the potential causes can help you take the necessary steps to protect your TMJ health and seek timely treatment if needed.
Whether the cause is minor or more significant, addressing TMJ issues early can prevent further complications and ensure that your jaw remains healthy and functional for years to come.